Conservative Thought Throughout Time

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804):

• Happiness is gained and felt in different ways by different people.
• This means that it cannot be used to generate fixed principles that are equally applicable to everyone.
• Since laws must be agreed as applicable to all and reflections of the common will…
• …no generally valid principles of legislation can be based on happiness.

Edmund Burke (1729-1797):

• Government is a human invention to oversee human needs in society.
• But some human needs and desires conflict with those of other people.
• Government must judge between conflicting wants to produce the fairest outcome.
• Therefore, the individual’s passions must be subjected to the government’s laws.

August Comte (1798-1857): The tendency to attack “the family” is a symptom of social chaos. The family is the true social unit. It is on the basis of families that society is constructed.A

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859):

• Socialism ignores the highest human virtues.
• Socialism undermines private property.
• Socialism stifles the individual.
• Thus, socialism is a new system of serfdom.

Winston Churchill (1874-1965):

• An appeaser believes he is not powerful enough to defeat a tyrant.
• Therefore he makes concessions in order to avoid going to war.
• His concessions make him weaker and the tyrant stronger.

Michael Oakeshott (1901-1990):

• Parliamentary institutions grew out of the practical are of governing.
• Rationalist positions is based on ideology and abstract notions.
• They have existed for generations and govern based on experience and history.
• Rationalist politics engages in destruction and the creation of a new order.
• Thus, parliamentary government and rationalist politics do not belong to the same system.

Source: The Politics Book.

You might say the philosopher Immanuel Kant was a conservative? I don’t know that for sure. But his idea about happiness is correct. It is defined differently among individuals. The state cannot define it for everyone. That is why in the Declaration of Independence it says “the pursuit of happiness” and not the “guarantee of happiness.” It is ultimately up to everyone to pursue their own happiness.

Newt Gingrich in his 2013 book Breakout made an interesting comment about Winston Churchill. He said while Churchill was First Lord of the Admiralty he invented the tank after realizing that the combination of the internal combustion engine and treads could be a solution to the problems of trench warfare. No one in the army had thought of this.

Here are more conservative thinkers that are not in The Politics Book:

• “The Ten Cannots” by William John Henry Boetcker (1873–1962)
• “But—I'm a Conservative!”  by Peter Viereck (1916 – 2006)
• “The Essence of Conservatism” by Russell Kirk (1918–1994).  In this article he talks about his canons of conservatism.